A case study of Amazon on its supply chain management

INTRODUCTION Every company has their own supply chain in order to sort or produce goods. However, the company needs to manage supply chain to maximize its highest benefits. By having effective supply chain management, the company can ensure that the right product or service will be available at the time to the right place and at the right price (Kamal 2007). Amazon is one of the companies that have best supply chain practices in order to respond high level of responsiveness for the customers. Thereby, this paper explains about Amazon Company, analysis of Amazon’s supply chain, recommendations and barriers to implement will be discussed. Company background Amazon is an American commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, USA.†¦show more content†¦It was a right decision for Amazon and the company is able to reduce the cost of holding large amount of inventory while the customer service is better as it shipped faster. Managing the supply chain with its wider context and organization context Price differentiated customers Dispatch and delivery options were used to divide customers into each category based on responsiveness because difference customers need difference service levels and difference prices. Amazon has provided many types of deliveries in difference costs such as free super saver delivery, one-day delivery, First-class delivery and etc (Amazon 2013). Each type of delivery reflects how fast the delivery is. It means if the customer needs very high responsiveness, get the products by tomorrow, the buyers are willing to pay more. So Amazon divided customer segments to match with its distribution systems and inventory strategy in order to control cost and service level. The company also received increased flexibility (Duran et al 2006). Moreover, there is a membership programme called Amazon prime. It provides unlimited one-day delivery for one year and it costs 49GBP. Once the buyers are member of prime, buyers will get discount if the buyers want to get expres s or evening delivery. The members will also able to borrow kindle books for free (Amazon prime 2013). Push-pull strategy Amazon has started with pull systems. There is no inventory, no warehouse and no overhead. TheShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communicationRead MoreWhy Is Supply Chain Important For Businesses? Supply Chains?3746 Words   |  15 PagesWhy is a supply chain important for businesses? Supply chain is a chain of interconnected links that facilitates the movement of supplies, materials, products, and so on (Arway, 2013, pp.3). Supply chain management has become the critical backbone to businesses today (Management Study Guide, 2013). The reason comes from the fact that effective market coverage and availability of products at market locations depends on the effective ness of supply chain management. Any fault in product not being availableRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Logistics Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesSupply Chain management and logistics are an extremely important functions of an organization. In this research paper, we will be discussing an aspect of supply chain and logistics that I am interested in, how both are related and different, key activities in supply chain and logistics, and the ethics and social responsibility in both supply chain and logistics management. Logistics is a vital component of supply chain management. Both involve the planning, carrying out and management of goodsRead MoreCase Study : Greening Of Management1336 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 11: â€Å"Greening of Management† The concept of â€Å"greening of management,† describes the actions taken by managers of all levels within organizations to align their interests with environmentally-friendly interests. More specifically, it is the practice of implementing ecosystem-friendly practices in their everyday management decisions. A prime example of â€Å"green management,† can be found through the â€Å"khaki conservation† of the United Kingdom military. The UK military has utilized â€Å"recycling (practices)Read MoreSupply Chain Management of Amazon Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper reviews the supply chain management practices of Amazon.com (AMZN) and highlights findings in the framework of a Strengths – Weaknesses – Opportunities – Threats (SWOT) framework. AMZN opened its virtual doors on the World Wide Web in July 1995 as a web based bookseller and today offers Earth’s Biggest Selection according to the company’s 2012 annual report to shareholders. AMZN’s vision statement is to be Earth’s most customer-centric company for four primary customer sets: consumersRead MoreWalmart : The Worlds Biggest Retailer1713 Words   |  7 Pagesmerchandise and content that the company purchases for resale from vendors and those offered by third-party sellers. The company through its Websites offers products under various categories, including instant videos, digital music, Appstore for Android, Amazon Cloud Drive, Kindle E-readers and books, FIRE tablets, FIRE TV, FIRE phone, books and audible, movies, music and games, and a wide variety of consumer goods. The company offers its own products as well as third-party products across various categoriesRead MoreREPORT COVER SHEET Surname: Cadena Alvarado Given name: Mario Alejandro Class:1800 Words   |  8 PagesClass: Logistics and Supply Chain Management Lecturer: Min Qiu Word count: Tittle: Report Amazon Case Study Due date 16th of May 2014 DECLARATION I am aware of university policy on Academic conduct (published on Moodle) and I declare that this assignment is my own work entirely and that suitable acknowledgement has been made for any sources of information used in preparing it. I have retained a hard copy for my records. Table of Contents Report Amazon Case Study Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreGizmo Case Study894 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 4: 1. Case Study: 1, 2 and 3: 1. Two possible target markets for the Gizmo could be students and business professionals. I think the marketing strategies for each would be relational marketing because with phones you typically have two-year contracts service support. However, with students it could be more of a transactional marketing, as they may not want to keep the Gizmo as long as business professionals. If there big quantity sold the prices for the Gizmo could be marked down, howeverRead MoreAmazon.Com in China - Brief Analysis on Its Supply Chain Management Strategy Proposed Recommendations4374 Words   |  18 PagesKer Qian Yin National University of Singapore Part 1: Introduction to Amazon China’s Background and its Supply Chain Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1995, started as an online bookstore with a vision to become the Earth’s biggest bookstore. It was soon diversified into selling DVDs, software, video games, electronics, and etc while the company’s positioning changed to the Internet’s No.1 retailer. In 2001, Amazon set a new goal as the Earth’s most customer centric company. Ever since, buildingRead MoreThe Business Value of Information Systems. Case Study: Amazon.Com4021 Words   |  17 PagesTHE BUSINESS VALUE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS CASE STUDY: AMAZON Isabel Maria Arroyo Moreno Business Information Technology Module BSc Business Management with HR Greenwich School of Management, University of Plymouth (London) Submission date: 8th December 2011 Word count: 2.776 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 The Business Value of Information Systems 5 Introduction 5 Business Value of Information 5 Business Information Management through Information Systems 6 The Value of

Short History of Myanmar Free Essays

Derived from BAMAR * ‘Burma’ – spoken form * ‘Myanmar’ – literary form 2. BASIC FACTS * Official Name – Republic of the Union of Myanmar * Capital – Naypyidaw * Form of Government – Unitary Presidential Constitutional Republic * President – Thein Sein * Vice-President – Nyan Thun (Navy Chief) * 2nd Vice-President – Sai Mauk Kham World Organizations – UN (1948), ASEAN (June 23, 1997) * Ethnic Group – Burmans 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, Others 5% * Language – Burmese (Sino-Tibetan) * Currency – Kyat (K) * Religion – Theravada Buddhism 89%, Christianity 4%, Islam 4%, Others 2%, Hinduism 1% * Foreign Rulers – Chinese, Muslims, Indians, BRITISH, Japanese * Date of Independence – (from British) January 4, 1948 * Geography – largest country in the mainland SEA Bordered on the NW by India and Bangladesh, NE by Tibet and China, SE by Laos and Thailand, S by the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea * Highest point is Hkakabo Razi in Kachin / highest mountain in SEA, along the borders of Myanmar, India and China / along the foothills of the Himalayas * Lowest point is Andaman Sea/Burma Sea, southeast of Bay of Bengal * Major rivers are Irrawaddy, Thanlwin, Sittang * Climate – Hot season is from March to May, rainy season is from June to October and cold season is from November to February 3. EARLY HISTORY Pyu (1st century BC) – entered the Irrawaddy Valley / established city states * Mon (6th century BC) – southern part of Myanmar / had cultural and economic links with India gt; Buddhism * Mranma/Bamar/Burmans (9th century BC) – settled in the Irrawaddy basin / dominant ethnic group / started the Pagan empire 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Short History of Myanmar or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1044-1077 * Founded by King Anawrahta * Flourished in the upper Irrawaddy Valley * Laid the foundation of the Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in the mainland * Fall: attacks of the Mongol empire . WARRING STATES PERIOD * Ava Kingdom (1364-1555) – Led by  Burmanized Shan kings who claimed descent from Pagan kings – Founded by  Thadominbya * Hanthawaddy Kingdom/Hanthawaddy Pegu – Dominant kingdom in southern Burma – Founded by King  Wareru 6. FORTY YEARS WAR * Military conflict between Ava and Pegu * 1st half – Ava invaded Pegu and was defeated; Ava signed a truce * 2nd half – Pegu attacked Ava to stop its expansion; Ava signed another truce and broke it * After the war, Hanthawaddy Pegu reached its golden age through profits and commercializing . TOUNGOO DYNASTY * King  Mingyinyo founded the  First Taungoo Dynasty * Tabinshwehti unified most of Burma and was crowned king of all Burma in 1544 * Burma became an important trading center with the coming of European traders * Bayinnaung succeeded the throne in 1551 and reigned for 30 years, launching a campaign of conquest invading several states 8. KONBAUNG DYNASTY * Last dynasty in Burma * Founded by a village-chief  Alaungpaya Reunited all of Burma, extinguished the Hanthawaddy dynasty and drove out the European powers who provided arms to Hanthawaddy * 1760-1855 – series of wars with Siam until the two countries exchanged Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Siam) 9. FIRST ANGLO-BURMESE WAR * King Bodawpaya – expanded westward which happened to include areas near the borders of the British India * British won – full control over Assam, Manipur, Cachar, Arakan, Jaintia, and Tenasserim * Burmese – forced to pay 1M pound sterling and sign a commercial treaty * Longest and most expensive war in British Indian history 10. SECOND ANGLO-BURMESE WAR * Commodore George Lambert – sent to Burma to resolve some minor issues regarding the Treaty of Yandabo * George Lambert blocked the port of Rangoon, seizing the King’s royal ship * Britain also wanted the teak forests in the southern parts of Burma and the port between Calcutta and Singapore * The British succeeded – annexed Pegu and renaming it Lower Burma 11. THIRD ANGLO-BURMESE WAR King Mindon tried to modernize the Burmese state and economy to resist British encroachments * The British claimed that Mindon’s son, Thibaw Min, was a tyrant intending to side with the French * The British won for the last time, making Burma a province of the British Raj 12. BRITISH RULE * Capital at Rangoon * Traditional Burmese society was changed by the end of monarchy * Demand for Burmese rice grew and lands were opened for cultivation * Farmers were forced to borrow money from Indian moneylenders called ‘chettiars’ * Burmese economy grew but all the power and wealth remained in the British firms 3. NATIONALIST MOVEMENT * Dominated by Ethnic Burmese * Strongly anti-Chinese and anti-Indians * Domination of Myanmar economy by foreign capital stimulated the dev’t of socialist ideology * The stress on Buddhism as being the core of cultural, religious and personal identity alienated the non-Burmese 14. JAPANESE RULE * Nominally declared Burma independent as the ‘State of Burma’ on August 1, 1943 * Asia for the Asians Co-Prosperity Sphere (self-sufficient bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers) * 1944: Aung San established the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League * 1945: British troops had regained control 15. INDEPENDENCE * Britain – move Myanmar towards full self-governance (under the British Commonwealth) * January 1947: Aung San led the AFPFL to London – election for a constitution * Won the elections, but Aung San was assassinated U Nu led Myanmar to independence from the British on January 4, 1948 * Union of Burma – federal state composed of large Burmese are and four upland states * General Ne Win – led a military coup to overthrow U Nu’s elected government * Many people supported the coup = end to the corruption, instability, inflation and social unrest * Military-based political party: Burma Socialist Program Party * 1974: new Constitution – Socialist Republic of the Union Of Burma * 1987: UN – Myanmar as the least developed nation, one of the world’s 10 poorest countries * Two economies: the legal state-controlled economy the black market economy * State Law and Order Restoration Council – General Saw Maung * Aung San Suu Kyi, daughter of Aung San, won the elections but was placed under house arrest * March 27, 2006 – the capital was officially named  Naypyidaw Myodaw (Royal City of the Seat of Kings) * 2005 – capital from  Yangon to  Naypyidaw * May 10, 2008 – from the  Union of Myanmar  to the  Republic of the Union of Myanmar How to cite Short History of Myanmar, Papers

Video Business Case Study for Recruitment Services -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theVideo Business Case Study for Recruitment Services. Answer: Issue: Almost every year five billion dollars were spent out of which almost six billion were spent on recruitment services on a population of 3.3 million. There are 2,800 agencies in Singapore and if calculated there will be one agency for every 20 people and hence the differentiation is based on the different key strategies (Background Questions - Michael Smith; Managing Director; Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia; Randstad 2017). For a sustained period of time, there is a need for change in the performance that was unacceptable from the point of view of the level of the performance. Hence, the Randstad organization realized that there is a need for growth, even in the slightest possible way as they were growing at a rate of 5% and were eventually losing its market share to the business competitors (de Man, Marguerithe de Man, and Annemieke Stoppelenburg, 2017). They expected their rate of growth to almost 50% that is much higher than the average market shares in the Singapore market economy that is still going fine when seen in comparison to the global scale (Background Questions - Michael Smith; Managing Director; Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia; Randstad 2017). Increasing their rate of performance as a recruitment company in particular will make them focus on a strict strategy and since they were not a that good state like the other companies at that contemporary time it will be difficult for them to cope up against this competitive market. In the recruitment sessions the process should be made of higher standard so that the people are strained and then recruited in their business system. Causes: In real world, the Randstad organization became a bit complacent in between the years of 2010-2012 and had experienced an okay level of growth (Ru et al. 2013). The stellar things were sometimes used to track in the right direction that has not been used to look outside and for the next 2-3 years has used this for our internal capability to take an advantage in their market opportunity. The Randstad organization did not make enough analysis on the competitors that needs an analysis on how fast they grew and what are the things that they need to achieve. They were concerned on achieving the structure that has best parts that needs to be outperformed and help them lead a position that is far from operating and has a high rate of performance. To sum up the whole thing the complacency was the initial fizzle and the next when seen from the leadership point of view is to learn to be happy from the comparative small companies and their activities. Randstad is spending much time on the coalf ace and on the struggles that will help them to penetrate in the market. The company lacks the collective aspiration that has made a clear strategy in the work environment that will make them see a light at the end of the tunnel. The individuals drive as well as make a collective aspiration that has gone missing suddenly due to internal and external factors that has gone missing suddenly. The organization has been operated from the consultant perspective that has eventually led them to be in a position that is quite focused on why should the recruitment procedure by more generalized. It was really hard to find a CEO and make their desk level more hard for the consultants that will make them win the economic environment that has almost 2% of the unemployment (Tillie et al. 2016, p. 141). One will find a huge number of applications that might come through advertising that is actually a result of the right people that has worked very hard in getting it straight to the people. The Singa pore Government is very helpful in pushing the country towards a much high quality and qualified jobs that is successful in filling the considerations to rank in the file jobs, which consists of a very low margin. There is also a need to operate in a shrinking environment that has made considerable opportunity in the market that is of a two-year time in the market. The significance level is quite less at the operating point of time (Uhl, Axel, and Lars Alexander Gollenia 2016). Alternatives: Through the identified issues and the causes an alternative plan can successfully be drawn. The main issue was the inability that needs to increased in their rate of performance and summing this the people has suffered a weak brand in their local market researches. Being an ende company there are few things that needs to be maintained, so that they could hire individuals who are talented and through a more time taking process that has to be fruitful. There is also a need to focus on the different industrial sectors so that they may build a strong strategy that is believed to make them successful. On a daily basis the level of their engagement is very high that has a turnover in making new equipment as one of their assets so that the good people are not lost. The productivity of the people is seen to be generally in between 50-60% that will eventually increase when all the steps are followed in a better way. Since the competitors are much more in the market the costs will be seen to b e affected (Zonneveld, Wil, and Marjolein Spaans 2014, pp. 543-563). The different alternative sections that needs to be built is a strict session for recruitment and also to build a happy and worth while work place so that it affects the Randstad organization in a much positive way. Decision Criteria: There is a need for different criteria sections that will help in influencing the alternative course of actions. It is quite evident that the alternative sources have to be relevant to the causes discussed. Since the major issue was focused on the recruitment services of the Randstad company. The people of the Randstad Company are highly talented and suffers from loss or rather shortage of opinions and alternatives (Video Business Case - Michael Smith; Managing Director; Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia; Randstad, 2017). It can be considered as an excellent service that needs alternative services and options. The decision making is a complete complex process that can be truly evident from the Randstad company. The decision that they can input is to make balance in their work place and a rejuvenated workplace. There is a need to maintain a high profile workplace that has to be rejuvenated with people and people must enjoy their workplace. The salary and the benefits has to be the most i mportant factor towards the employees. The another most important thing is the peace of mind that should prevail amongst the people in the organization. The security of the job is also the major factor that should be considered as the most attractive factor that has high attributes of a pleasant atmosphere. Recommended Solution: One of the best solution that can be provided is the peace of mind on the employees (Dieleman, Frans and Sako Musterd et al., 2013). The security of the job is what everybody wants in the world of global uncertainty and retrenchments in the last year. the security of the job dropped and this can be considered as the most attractive factor. The high officials have the sole responsibility to build a level of confidence in the minds of the people. A hike in the level of preferences is strong due to the confidence rate amongst the people. The employees should be encouraged to balance their work life environment and maintain a major shift in their sentiments. The security of the job is to make a preference that will make their arte of GDP sore high along with their possible preference level of confidence and security growth in the economy. The ultimate motif of the organization is to provide workplace safety and maintain a high growth in the landscape branding (Burger et al. 2014, pp. 444 -464). Keeping in mind the short term and the long term process, there are few things that needs to be analyzed. In case of the long term the steps like hiring the eligible candidates through a very straining process so that they could bring positive vibes to the environment and make the organization grow. Keeping the environment healthy and working on the different ethics in the workplace should be concerns of the employers and achieving it should be the duty of the employees in a joint venture. Training is also a major recommendation that will be beneficial to the employees so that they can fix themselves well in the working environment. Training is an integral part of the workplace environment and enhancing this will make the people work effectively in the workplace. If the workplace is maintained in a healthy way this will termed as the short term recommendation whereas in case of the short term, keeping in mind the different facilities that needs to be provided initially to the recruited people so that they can focus on their work and want to live in this Randstad organization for a long term. The short term implications may be to circulate the same to the employees so that they work accordingly to the workplace environment and its regulations, maintaining that is the responsibility of the employers. Implementation and Implication: They need to imply few of the instructions that will eventually be beneficial to the company for its longer prospect and growth. By the combination of the human touch and the technology driven solutions there is a need to prefer the candidates. If a complete friendly environment is provided to the employees of the Randstad it is quite evident that the organization will soar up high in success. The recruitment service should be made visible and care free and with the help of the different people so that it goes in a smooth process. The different implications that needs to be processed has all been suggested in this section of the alternatives. Implying the different recommendations that has been stated in recommendations there is a scope for improvement so that in the mere future they can excel in some of the specific areas that has been stated. Ethics Keeping in mind the ethics the work should be made in progress, none of the works in the organization should be done against the workplace ethics. The different things that needs to be noted by the employers is that there should be no racism or any comments regarding ones culture or even caste. Keeping the workplace ethics under a close watch is the only thing that the supreme authority powers should do. While recruiting the things that needs to be checked is ones honesty and passion about their work and environment. In this fast growing world of technology, if the Randstad organization could not cope up with the different dimensions mentions it would seriously make them lack behind. There is a dire need to improve in the a various particular aspects that has been mentioned (Giordano, Annabelle Lamy, 2016). Reference "Background Questions - Michael Smith; Managing Director; Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia; Randstad". 2017.Youtube. "Video Business Case - Michael Smith; Managing Director; Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia; Randstad". 2017.Youtube. Burger, Martijn J., Evert J. Meijers, and Frank G. Oort. "Multiple perspectives on functional coherence: Heterogeneity and multiplexity in the Randstad."Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie105, no. 4 (2014): 444-464. Burger, Martijn J., Frank G. van Oort, Ronald S. Wall, and Mark JPM Thissen. "Analysing the competitive advantage of cities in the dutch randstad by urban market overlap." InMetropolitan Regions, pp. 375-391. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. de Man, Ard-Pieter, Marguerithe de Man, and Annemieke Stoppelenburg. "New business models in consulting: An analysis of practice." InISPIM Innovation Symposium, p. 1. The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM), 2017. Dieleman, Frans M., and Sako Musterd, eds.The Randstad: a research and policy laboratory. Vol. 20. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Giordano, Annabelle Lamy. "Dr Gabriel Giordano, Ohio University Gabriel Giordano is an Assistant Professor of Management Information Systems in the College of Business at Ohio University. He was formerly an Assistant Professor of Information Systems at IESE Business School. Gabriels current research looks at virtual work teams, computer-based deception, communication."Business Transformation Essentials: Case Studies and Articles(2016). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7kffnb5FhUfeature=youtu.be. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQiecuFX8Ucfeature=youtu.be. Jacobs, Wouter, Hans RA Koster, and Frank van Oort. "Co-agglomeration of knowledge-intensive business services and multinational enterprises."Journal of Economic Geography14, no. 2 (2013): 443-475. Ru?l, Huub, Tim Wolters, and Raymond Loohuis. "Business diplomacy in multinational corporations (MNCs): An exploratory study." Academy of International Meetings, Istanbul, Turkey, 2013. Tillie, Nico, Iris Dudok, Peter MJ Pol, Luc Boot, and Roland van der Heijden. "10 Rotterdam Case Study."Remaking Post-Industrial Cities: Lessons from North America and Europe(2016): 171. Uhl, Axel, and Lars Alexander Gollenia.Business Transformation Essentials: Case Studies and Articles. Routledge, 2016. van der Heijden, Robin, and R. M. Dijkman. "Candidate reassignment prediction." (2016). Zonneveld, Wil, and Marjolein Spaans. "Meta-governance and developing integrated territorial strategies: The case study of MIRT territorial agendas in the Randstad (Netherlands)."Planning Theory Practice15, no. 4 (2014): 543-562.

The Future of Health Care in Florida free essay sample

The paper gives a strategic plan for the future of health care in Florida. The paper begins by giving a history of government involvement in healthcare in America. It looks at federal, state and local roles of government in the provision of health-care services and the problems that the working-poor have with access to healthcare. It then focuses on the state of Florida as a state where healthcare problems are particularly acute, owing to the demographic features of the state and its position as a major tourist attraction. After specifying challenges, the paper proposes a strategic plan for dealing with the system that is in crisis. At the beginning of the 21st century, the American health care system is showing significant signs of stress. The state of Florida will not escape the problems faced by the country as a whole, in fact, specific demographic features of the state, such as its large number of older Americans and the large number of Floridians working in the service sector will mean that the challenges of providing access to health care will be particularly acute in Florida. We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of Health Care in Florida or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

buy custom Revolution Brings Maturity for Some People essay

buy custom Revolution Brings Maturity for Some People essay Revolutions are movements that are organized by individuals or masses of people, who are often oppressed and, therefore, feel the need to express themselves. Revolutions, therefore, have almost always led to the change in the order of a society, whether positively or negatively. Examples of revolutions that have changed the order of society and the world at large include: the Islamic revolution; the Cuban Revolution; the French Revolution, among others. In deed, in Persepolis, the author brings out the changes that were imparted in her society by the Islamic revolution of 1979 that swept Iran and other surrounding Islamic nations like Iraq (Satrapi, 2003). During the revolution, the French school Marjane attended was closed due to its bilingual orientation. Boys and Girls were separated and the girls were forced to wear veils to cover their hair and faces (Satrapi, 2003). The revolution therefore brought change to the order of the initial society in Iran and her neighbors, and to the life of Marjane Satrapi. The story of Persepolis unfolds around the different stages of Marjanes life in her path towards maturity. It begins at the backdrop of the Islamic revolution in Iran, when the author, Marjane Satrapi, was just a ten-year old girl. She is brought up by a Persian family that was holy and had been involved in the socialist and communist movements before the onset of the Iranian revolution (Satrapi, 2003). She first experienced and witnessed the growing levels of oppression when her French school, Lyce Franais, was closed due to its bilingual nature. The Shah regime that had ruled over Iran for years had markedly suppressed civil liberty movements. However, people who had grown tired of the regime mobilized and organized these liberty movements leading to the fall of the Shah regime and the subsequent Iraq-Iran war. During the Iraq war, shewas caught in the middle of Iraqi air raids with scuds falling very near to their home in Tehran. In deed, the story of Persepolis reports that one of the scuds hit a neighboring house killing a friend of hers (Satrapi, 2003). This effectively changed Marjanes perception towards their government and she suddenly developed the urge to do something. However, her main inspiration to fight came from reading stories of world famous revolutionists such as Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. These stories caused her to make the difficult decision to follow in the footsteps of her parents and fight the oppressive people who were in power (Satrapi, 2003). Her parents tried to deter her by sending her to Vienna, Austria when she was just fourteen years of age. She defied them and instead joined the Vienna version of Lyce Franais where she learned more about the revolutions and the revolutionists (Satrapi, 2003). In deed, her revolt is inspired by the revolutionists assertions that intellectualism could not succeed in solving the painful experiences of life itself, but rather, it was necessary that an individual suffers so as to understand the feeling of the hardships... She later graduated from Lyce Franais school in Vienna and went back home. While in Tehran, she attended and graduated from the Tehran University with a masters degree in lite rary arts. Her experience during the Islamic Revolution caused her to use her acquired knowledge to communicate and mobilize the people of Iran and the Islamic world at large, through her writing and films (Satrapi, 2003). She later moved to France, from where she could express her ideas more freely and communicate to a larger audience. The various stages of the authors experience are brought forward in the novel by its categorization into phases. The first phase sets the ball rollingg for the entire story since it looks at the immediate effects of the Islamic revolution when Marjane was just a young girl. This phase looks at the forcible wearing of veils among Islamic girls and women, an event occasioned by the revolution. The second phase is portrayed after Marjane had read about the works of famous revolutionists such as Fidel and Guevara. She realizes, from their works, that revolutions were like a bicycle (Satrapi, 2003), that needed to stay in motion in order to continue working. She had been born a religious person. She, therefore, believed that the king was chosen by God to lead them, and therefore, despite protests from her parents, supported him. But tales from her parents reveals that her grand father had worked for the King as prime minister but had been mistreated and later detained in a Water cell (Sat rapi, 2003), where he was torture, often by being partially submerged in water in a water tub for several hours. This realization forms the basis of the third phase of the novel. However, it was the forth phase of the book that triggers Marjane into action. In this phase termed Persepolis, Marjanes grandmother narrates to her the hardships and poverty they were subjected to by the kings regime in earlier days since the Shahs father took everything from the peasants and left them with nothing to subsist on (Satrapi, 2003). The novel therefore brings out the experiences of Marjane, who is the main character, over the period of Islamic revolution, before and after the revolution, which helped to mature her into a revolutionist herself. She brings this out clearly in the novel by excellently portraying the heights of social censorship during the period of unrest. This novel is therefore a personal account of how the political and historical events in her country facilitated her maturity from a girl to a woman who had a strong spirit and belief to fight for what she believed in. 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Athletics In MacGregors Sporting Landscape Essay Example for Free

Athletics In MacGregor’s Sporting Landscape Essay However, using tactics which corroborate teamwork and competitive factors which in theory will motivate students to strive and increase their participation levels. 1. 0 Introduction This report will provide a detailed analysis of the participation of athletics in Macgregor’s microcosm as the societal norm believe that the status quo is â€Å"uncool†, it is known that the position of Australia’s porting landscape is very weak as there is a lack of participation within Australia as a whole This can be answered by a simple formula created to find the reason why some sports have a lack in participation in mainstream society today, Figueroa’s framework, this formula is divided into Levels listed in the following Cultural, Structural, Institutional, interpersonal and individual levels, nonetheless, it Is concluded that it is up to the individual of whether they decide to participate in Athletics or not. The social factors that influence an individual’s decision to participate in Athletics may indirectly or directly impact them by shaping their values, attitudes and beliefs. Knowing this the individual may find themselves being subjective to the people and also the certain factors they face in society ranging from cultural differences to peers to themselves. Sociologist, Peter Figueroa, develop a framework that analyses the equity of social resources that can also be implemented into the participation of athletics. . 1 Individual Level It can be argued that when it comes to equity and access issues, the individual level is the most important. This is because, while all levels of Figueroa’s Framework can identify how equity and sporting opportunities are presented to an individual, in the end it is the individual’s choice that will determine his or her access and level of participation in physical education. Kiss, 2012) This level is specific to Macgregor’s sporting landscape as it highlights the lack of participation in students; nonetheless, these decisions about sport and physical activity are ultimately made by the individuals Genes, values, attitudes and personalities which are specific to each individual. 3. 0 Action plan In Macgregor’s deteriorating athletics program, the lack of participation in the carnivals can link to many reasons why they don’t compete in such events. Study shows that the majority of students would prefer to sit and chat with their friends instead of competing in athletics, however, to allow students to participate, an action plan was developed to; in theory create a more fun and enjoyable carnival thus increasing participation levels, using successful methods utilized in Australian sports such as Cricket, NRL, AFL, etc. The ideologies used within these sports can be integrated within the society of Macgregor’s microcosm shaping the status quo of Macgregor’s Athletics program in a more positive, enjoyable way. . 1 Justification of Action plan Throughout sporting history there are various techniques to strive for in order to have a successful carnival, the majority of successful sports share many similar techniques to better improve the participation of athletes in Australia such as making it more interactive for the audience thus improving their participation rates; for example, in tennis they implement a board that measures the speed of the serve for each game as well as the Olympics which show the world record for each event. nowing this; a supposed board that lists all the records of each event is shown publically pre-athletics carnival and during for students to observe and in theory become more motivated and strive to train and compete in the events believing they are able to break that record thus improving participation rates. Secondly, the appearance of famous sporting athletes have known to improve the participation of sports for example, NBA players frequently appear in many occasions of street basketball games as it obviously creates publicity, however, also improves the participation due to the fact that this allows the ‘average basketball fanatic’ who normally would watch their idol from the comfort of their own television, but in fact they are able to play side by side with their idol increasing their moral and motivation to play. This can also be implemented in the athletics carnival by having the famous athlete participate and motivate the students to join in and also create a slight sense of competition. Finally, it is a fact that Australians love to play team based sports as listed, AFL, Cricket, Football, NRL, Soccer, Basketball, Rugby League are in the top 10 Australian sports; this is 7 of the 10 sports that are shown. With this in mind, Students would be required to form groups of 3 and compete in the athletics carnival, with a twist; each event would hold a certain amount of points varying on the position the student places, 10points for 1st, 7points for 2nd, 5point for 3rd and participation will be worth 2 points. The team that scores the highest points will be rewarded with a prize, such as vouchers, etc. 4. 2 Links to survey results The action plan created was based on a census of the whole school to observe whether they would participate in athletics and their reasons to not. To justify the particular choices created in the action plan by showing the statistics which have guided the development as the spikes in the statistics assist in improving the participation by surveying the trend. The reason a record chart was implemented as it adds a competitive flair and students receive social rewards within the athletics carnival as 19% of students feel that there is no reward for students if they win the events, this will help students strive for the record instead of just trying to win. A massive 27% of students feel that they are not good enough for the athletics carnival and believe there is no point to participate and simply just socialize with their peers, with the appearance of a famous athlete; students would be motivated to part take in the events as the special guest can provide moral support and advice to improve their technique, etc. during the carnival as they can join in with the students. By creating team based events the 80% of students that prefer team sports are able to participate and at the same time fill the social void according to the 25% as they strive to motivate fellow teammates and allow each other perform better overall, also considering the 66% that would participate in the carnival if their peers were to join in. (Buckley, et al, 2013) 4. Links to research material including the individual level of the framework The research gathered of Figueroa’s framework on the individual level, it is realised that students values and beliefs are to strive for competition and rewards, as these factors have been fulfilled it will allow students to participate in a more enjoyable way, due to the fact that an individual’s values and beliefs reflect directly upon their parents, siblings and peers, however, it is proven that the individual learns to behave through the experience they have accumulated from mainly their peers, also the fact that students view the sports society in a ‘boring’ manner, they often assume they cannot socialise with their peers which majorly affect their participation rates. 5. 0 Conclusion Athletics In MacGregor’s Sporting Landscape. (2018, Oct 28).

Law of Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Intellectual Property - Essay Example The First step is to carry out a search in the Trade Marks Registry data base at http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmtext or European database at http://tmview.europa.eu/tmview/welcome.html for possible prior conflicting uses of Desir or similar words already registered. The search results are furnished in the annexure 1. Among the 37 items revealed in the search results were also â€Å"Desir† and similar sounding â€Å"Desire â€Å" and â€Å"Dezir† though under different classes. Out of 45 classes of items, perfume was not found. Class 1 was Chemicals. On further search for perfume, results showed that â€Å"perfume† fell under the Nice class 3. And the similar sounding â€Å"desire† has been registered in class Nice 3. The word â€Å"desir† has been registered under Nice class 30 which is for â€Å"foodstuffs†. The question is whether â€Å"desir† is registrable under the above circumstances. There are as many as five sections in the Trade Ma rks Act 1994 under which a trade mark can be refused to be registered. Relevant section for the present purpose is section 5 which states as follows. Section 5 (1) prohibits registration of a trade mark if an identical trade mark has been already registered as goods or service. Section 5 (2) (a) prohibits registration of a trade mark if a similar trade mark has been already registered. ... Section 5 (4) prohibits registration of a trade mark if it could not be registered by any rule of law such as â€Å"law of passing off†. The last section 6 however provides for registration of an already registered trade mark if the proprietor of the earlier trade mark gives his consent to the registration (Legislation.gov.uk, 1994, p. 11). In view of the above provisions, trade mark in the name of â€Å"Desir† may be refused since the name already falls under food stuffs. A similar or identical trademark can be refused as it would cause confusion and the public are likely to mistake it for food stuff. A perfume being mistaken for foodstuff could result in disastrous consequences. Even if the owner of the existing trade mark consents, the registry may in public interest ask the applicant to make changes in the word â€Å"desir† in order to avoid possible future complications. If at all, the applicant gets the approval of the name, olfactory description of the per fume needs to be clarified. The description sought to be registered is â€Å"spice with a touch of citrus lemon†. In this connection, the case law Eden SARL v Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market ( Trade Marks and Designs ) (OHIM) (2005) says that it can be an absolute ground for refusal if olfactory description cannot be represented graphically as per article 7 (1) (a) of Regulation (EC) No 40/94. The article states that a trade mark if not visually perceivable should at least be capable of being graphically represented by way of clear, precise, easily accessible, intelligible, ,durable, and self contained images, line, and characters. The olfactory description â€Å"smell of ripe straw berries† of the applicant in the above case not has been

Histories of Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Histories of Photography - Essay Example The thesis of this paper is that, modern day photography draws its insights from Szarkowski’s principle of photography as an art, since it teaches photographers to be not only creative, but imaginative. Analysis The Thing Itself Szarkowski believed that photography deals with the actual; the photographer has to accept the fact that he had no control of nature, and on in accepting and treasuring this notion would he manage photography. The photographer had to learn that the world was a unique and creative artist in itself. Szarkowski believed that though photographs were factual and convincing, they also differed from reality. The photographer had to see the filtered elements of reality and visualize the photograph before taking it, in order to capture these filtered element of reality on the photograph. The ability to do this was not only artistic; but also a way of showing truth, which the naked eye could not see. Szarkowski quotes from Hawthorne’s book, The House of t he Seven Gables. Holgrave, a fictional character in the story, describes his camera as showing the truth despite trying his attempts to hide reality. In this case, the image survives reality and became the remembered reality. William M. Evans states that, â€Å"people in the nineteenth century believed that what was reasonable was true but in the end, they began believing that what they saw in a photograph was true† (Szarkowski8). The photograph below illustrates this phenomenon: Archaeologia Mundi (40, 55, 82, 108, 133, 135) (2011) by Hagar Schmidhalter. The Detail According to Szarkowski (p. 9), the photographer cannot pose the truth; the truth appears the photographer in fragments, therefore, the photographer is only able to capture fragments of this facts. A photograph cannot tell a story of fact; it can only depict fragments of this fact. However, Szarkowski adds to say that though photographs do not tell stories, they can be read as symbols. People can draw meaning from a sequence of fragmented photographs. Szakowski states that photographs are not meant to tell stories, rather, they are meant to make the story real; he believes narratives to be shallow, and that only photography possesses the power to show symbolic meaning (Szarkowski 42). A picture of a Soccer match does not show the results of the match, but it does capture a moment of happiness or otherwise, that has symbolic meaning to the end result of the game. E.g. Cardiff vs. Manchester United by Stu Foster (1/12/2013). The Frame According to Szarkowski (p. 9), the subject of a photographer is never self-contained; it is part of a bigger picture. The photographer, therefore, decides to isolate what it important (the subject), from its environment using the photographic edges. This frame concentrates on the edges – the line that separates the subject from its environment. In the case of the football match above, the subject is separated from its surrounding by the edges of the photo graph. This defines what the photographer deemed important, but does not tell the whole story since the subject is part of a bigger surrounding. Time Photographs are not instantaneous, but rather exposure of the scene over a period of time result to real image. Photographs always capture the present, never the future; they can allude to the past through its surviving relics or foresight of the future based on

Kraft Foods Essay Example for Free

Kraft Foods Essay Kraft Foods Group, which is one of the most famous food and beverage companies in the world, has a wide and significant impact on socio-economic and lives of people all over the world. It was founded in 1852. It produces and sells packaged food and beverages including snacks, beverages, cheese, convenient meals and various packaged grocery products. Kraft Foods operates in more than 70 countries, primarily in the US and Canada. And it sells its products in more than 150 countries. (Kraft Foods, 2009).As one of the fastest growing food manufactures in the Australian, Kraft Foods is changed to Mondelēz International . It employ more than 3500 employees who work across a range of activities and try to use the new name and new look to serve the customers. To ensure the sustainable development of the company, Kraft Foods takes the economic, social and environmental issues into consideration and tries to achieve ever-changing social expectations. As an influential food company, Kraft Foods makes great effort to contribute to society. It is aware of that hunger is a very serious issue among the society and keeps fighting with it. Kraft Foods expands cooperation with other company and donate food to food bank and other hunger relief centres to help provide products for the food drive (Safeway and Kraft, 2012).Many efforts at fighting hunger and contribution to society can be found all over the world by Kraft Foods employees ((More than 20,000, 2010) . However, in food safety, several recall cases in 2014 caused detrimental impact on company’s image. This critical essay will explicitly examine Kraft Foods’s actions and their implications on society.

The Art of Leadership Essay -- Papers Leading Personality Essays Paper

The Art of Leadership What is leadership? Leadership is having the ability to give guidance to those that will follow. Those that follow will help to complete the mission. Leadership is an immature science and the body of knowledge in the field has developed through a series of fits and starts. Leadership is a soft science, just as anthropology, sociology and psychology. It cannot be proven exactly what it is. Leadership is an art; the skillful application of leadership behaviors beyond techniques is much the same as the skillful application of brushstrokes by a master painter. Leadership is both rational and emotional. Some people take several years and even several classes and still can’t quite be a good leader. I even took a test, which more or less states that I need to relax and calm down. The test covers several different areas ranging from personality quirks to communication and even how I prefer to handle conflicts. Introduction This paper will be discussing several areas that were examined through the test on leadership and personality that was taken by the author. Some of the major points that will be discussed are how the author rates himself against others on his team or in his group. A couple of other major points that will be touched on are conflict management and communication skills. Also, the author will be covering some of his ideas on leadership and whether or not any one individual can perfect it. The author has quite a bit of experience in these areas and conveyed some of his ideas in this paper. Strategy Leadership is a social process shared among all members of a group. Leadership development comes t... ...e people to totally change their way of doing things but if there are some problems, I hope those individuals were able to pull some ideas out of this in the long run. Conclusion While writing this paper I concluded several different things about leadership. Most people are very mistaken when it comes to the topic of leadership. It is a common belief that everyone has the potential to be a good leader, which is not true. This is proven time and time again by people who try to start their own business and it goes under in one or two years because they don’t know how to get the most out of their employees and keep them happy at the same time. In the end, a leader will always accomplish the mission and never fail his subordinates. Bibliography: 1. Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice. Hall, 2000.

The Great Gatsby Review

The Great Gatsby â€Å"Emerson said it well: ‘Rings and jewels are not gifts, but apologies for gifts. The only true gift is a portion of thyself† (Peterson). The world is filled with cheapskates, phonies, and two-faced people. Many use others for their own benefits. Objects cannot define a relationship; it should be the feelings developed that defines the relationship of two people. The characteristic of materialism is a barrier for true love between two people. This relates to Scott Fitzgerald’s book, The Great Gatsby.Nick Carraway has just moved to a West Egg, and his mysterious neighbor is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby’s long living dream is to rekindle his love and relationship with Daisy Buchanan, who is currently married to Tom Buchanan. He attempts to pursue his relationship with Daisy through his unexplained wealth. However, their love couldn’t be true because of their focus on â€Å"things† rather than each other. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgeral d shows that materialism can ruin the chance at true love. Gatsby tries to make Daisy love him through his money and excessive spending on nonessential things.When him and Daisy first reconnect their relationship, he brings her over to his house to show off the clothes in his closet: â€Å"He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them, one by one, before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel, which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray. While we admired he brought more and the soft rich heap mounted higher — shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange, and monograms of Indian blue.Suddenly, with a strained sound, Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily† (Fitzgerald 92). Gatsby is throwing his shirts everywhere to show that he is full of money and that they don’t mean much to him, acting like it doesn’t matter if the y get ruined. He does this to show that his money is plentiful and he tries to make Daisy want to be with him and his rich lifestyle. Daisy starts to cry because she is overwhelmed with his prosperity and shows how she starts to love him through his riches.Another way Gatsby tries to show off his wealth is by throwing a party and inviting Daisy and Tom, but at the end of the party she seemed apathetic. Gatsby noticed her weariness and was concerned, so he confided in Nick: â€Å"‘She didn’t like it,’ he insisted. ‘She didn’t have a good time. ’ He was silent, and I guessed at his unutterable depression. ‘I feel far away from her,’ he said. ‘It’s hard to make her understand’† (Fitzgerald 109). Gatsby implies that he threw the party so that she would enjoy herself and want to come back to him.He tries to make his life seem very extravagant because he knows that it is what she looks for in a lover. Gatsby b ecomes unhappy because she was unhappy with his party; he feels that he must show off his money just to get Daisy to fall for him. Gatsby’s secret is revealed finally during a trip to the city: he and Tom get into an argument and Tom discloses the truth. Gatsby’s secret business of drug deals was the basis of his affluence.Daisy is shocked and doesn’t know what to do as Gatsby tries to deny the facts: â€Å"It passed, and he began to talk excitedly to Daisy, denying everything, defending his name against accusations that had not been made. But with every word she was drawing further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, undespairingly, toward that lost voice across the room† (Fitzgerald 134). Daisy becomes reluctant to the fact that it was a fake fortune while Gatsby tries to cover up his lies.Although Daisy acted lik e she was in love with Gatsby before the incident, her feelings quickly faded as she realizes the truth. The money was the basis of their relationship and it was what held them together. This proves how their relationship was based off of money and how Daisy immediately forgot about how â€Å"in love† they were. This motif of materialism is explored because it shows how love can’t be genuine if it is based off of inanimate objects and money-oriented things. Myrtle is materialistic when she goes for the men with money and pretends to be in love with them.In New York City with Tom and Nick, Myrtle explains to her friends how she felt about her new marriage with George and her realizations: â€Å"I married him because I thought he was a gentleman†¦I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe† (Fitzgerald 34). Myrtle married him because she thought he came from a wealthy family, breeded, or born, into money. When she foun d out he wasn’t rich, she knew she had made a mistake in marrying him. Myrtle is materialistic because she didn’t marry George for love, but for wealth.Myrtle tells about the day she found out he wasn’t rich and admits to her regrets in marrying him. Myrtle was not expecting it: â€Å"The only crazy I was was when I married him. I knew right away I made a mistake. He borrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in, and never even told me about it, and the man came after it one day when he was out† (Fitzgerald 35). Myrtle finds out that George had borrowed someone’s suit to use during their wedding because he couldn’t afford one on his own. This shows the love that George has for Myrtle and how he goes far to make sure she gets the best wedding ever.It also shows how Myrtle doesn’t love him, and how was judging him for borrowing a suit. Myrtle is materialistic because she got upset over a suit being borrowed and not purchased fo r their wedding. Myrtle and Tom’s relationship is materialistic. While in NYC, Myrtle gets Tom to buy her a dog off the streets: â€Å"I want to get one of those dogs†¦I want to get one for the apartment. They’re nice to have—a dog† (Fitzgerald 27). Myrtle asks for a dog and gets one because of Tom’s wealth and uses it to her advantage. Myrtle takes Tom’s money for granted and pursues a relationship with him because she knows he is rich.Her materialism is shown through her fake relationships with Tom and George; it reveals that she only has relationships with wealthy men and she was not really â€Å"in love† with either of the two men. Her materialistic needs clashed with her path to finding love. This motif of love is explored because it shows how people in this world use others for their money. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows that a materialistic mindset will corrupt the chance at true love. Gatsby tried to get Daisy to l ove him again by showing off his money and failed because he didn’t put his heart and self into their relationship.Myrtle mistakenly married a man whom she thought was wealthy and turned out he was poor. She quickly regretted their marriage and had an affair with Tom Buchanan, a well known rich man. Fitzgerald demonstrates how none of these relationships worked out because of the materialistic ways of these characters. This motif is explored because it proves how true love isn’t real with fake values. True love should be two people who love each other unconditionally and is not based on money-oriented things.

Role of Indian Banks in the Growth of the Indian Economy

{draw:g} {draw:custom-shape} SSUB INTRODUCTION: In the current global order, where the world has become a big village, consumers take a global look at the products and services in terms of price, quality, delivery and after-sale services. This trend has sown the seeds of competition in every sector of economy and banking sector is no exception to this event. Banking, the world over, has been changing at a spectacular pace. This change is due to multifarious factors like the need to be efficient in functions, thirst for becoming finance superpowers than mere banks, growing importance of private banking, the rise in high net worth individuals, etc. the decade of 90s has witnessed a sea change in the way banking is done in India. Technology has made tremendous impact in banking. â€Å"ANYWHERE BANKING† and â€Å"ANYTIME BANKING† have become a reality. Growing integration of economies and the markets around the world have made global banking a reality too. The surge in globalization of finance has also gained momentum with the technology advancements, which have effectively become overcome the national borders in the financial services business. India, as we know, is one of the 104 signatories of Financial Services Agreement (FSA) of 1997. This gives Indian banks an opportunity to expand on a quid pro quo basis. BANKING IN INDIA: Banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India, a government-owned bank that traces its origins back to June 1806 and that is the largest commercial bank in the country. Central banking is the responsibility of the Reserve Bank of India, which in 1935 formally took over these responsibilities from the then Imperial Bank of India, relegating it to commercial banking functions. After India's independence in 1947, the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers. In 1969 the government nationalized the 14 largest commercial banks; the government nationalized the six next largest in 1980. Currently, India has 96 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) – 27 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 31 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 38 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. STRUCTURE OF BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA: The following figure represents the structure of Indian Banking System. {draw:frame} ROLE OF BANKING SECTOR IN THE GROWTH OF INDIAN ECONOMY: Money lending in one form or the other has evolved along with the history of the mankind. Even in the ancient times there are references to the moneylenders. Indian history is also replete with the instances referring to indigenous money lenders involved in the business of money lending by mortgaging the landed property of the borrowers. Towards the beginning of the 20th century, with the onset of modern industry in the country, the need for government regulated banking system was felt. Reserve Bank of India was set up to regulate the formal banking sector in the country. But the growth of modern banking remained slow mainly due to lack of surplus capital in the Indian economic system at that point of time. Modern banking institutions came up only in big cities and industrial centers. The rural areas, representing vast majority of Indian society, remained dependent on the indigenous money lenders for their credit needs. Independence of the country heralded a new era in the growth of modern banking. In 1969, Indian government took a historic decision to nationalize 14 biggest private commercial banks. A few more were nationalized after a couple of years. This resulted in transferring the ownership of these banks to the State and the Reserve Bank of India could then issue directions to these banks to fund the national programs, the rural sector, the plan priorities and the priority sector at differential rate of interest. However, after almost two decades of bank nationalization some new issues became contextual. The service standards of the public sector banks began to decline. Their profitability came down and the efficiency of the staff became suspect. Non-performing assets of these banks began to rise. The wheel of time had turned a full circle by early nineties and the government after the introduction of structural and economic reforms in the financial sector, allowed the setting up of new banks in the private sector. The new generation private banks have now established themselves in the system and have set new standards of service and efficiency. These banks have also given tough but healthy competition to the public sector banks. MODERN DAY ROLE: Banking system and the Financial Institutions play very significant role in the economy. First and foremost is in the form of catering to the need of credit for all the sections of society. The modern economies in the world have developed primarily by making best use of the credit availability in their systems. An efficient banking system must cater to the needs of high end investors by making available high amounts of capital for big projects in the industrial, infrastructure and service sectors. At the same time, the medium and small ventures must also have credit available to them for new investment and expansion of the existing units. Rural sector in a country like India can grow only if cheaper credit is available to the farmers for their short and medium term needs. Credit availability for infrastructure sector is also extremely important. The success of any financial system can be fathomed by finding out the availability of reliable and adequate credit for infrastructure projects. Fortunately, during the past about one decade there has been increased participation of the private sector in infrastructure projects. The banks and the financial institutions also cater to another important need of the society i. . mopping up small savings at reasonable rates with several options. The common man has the option to park his savings under a few alternatives, including the small savings schemes introduced by the government from time to time and in bank deposits in the form of savings accounts, recurring deposits and time deposits. Another option is to invest in the stocks or mutual funds. In addition to the above traditi onal role, the banks and the financial institutions also perform certain new-age functions which could not be thought of a couple of decades ago. The facility of internet banking enables a consumer to access and operate his bank account without actually visiting the bank premises. The facility of ATMs and the credit/debit cards has revolutionized the choices available with the customers. The banks also serve as alternative gateways for making payments on account of income tax and online payment of various bills like the telephone, electricity and tax. The bank customers can also invest their funds in various stocks or mutual funds straight from their bank accounts. In the modern day economy, where people have no time to ake these payments by standing in queue, the service provided by the banks is commendable. While the commercial banks cater to the banking needs of the people in the cities and towns, there is another category of banks that looks after the credit and banking needs of the people living in the rural areas, particularly the farmers. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) have been sponsored by many commercial banks in severa l States. These banks, along with the cooperative banks, take care of the farmer-specific needs of credit and other banking facilities. FUTURE: Till a few years ago, the government largely patronized the small savings schemes in which not only the interest rates were higher, but the income tax rebates and incentives were also in plenty. The bank deposits, on the other hand, did not entail such benefits. As a result, the small savings were the first choice of the investors. But for the last few years the trend has been reversed. The small savings, the bank deposits and the mutual funds have been brought at par for the purpose of incentives under the income tax. Moreover, the interest rates in the small savings schemes are no longer higher than those offered by the banks. Banks today are free to determine their interest rates within the given limits prescribed by the RBI. It is now easier for the banks to open new branches. But the banking sector reforms are still not complete. A lot more is required to be done to revamp the public sector banks. Mergers and amalgamation is the next measure on the agenda of the government. The government is also preparing to disinvest some of its equity from the PSU banks. The option of allowing foreign direct investment beyond 50 per cent in the Indian banking sector has also been under consideration. Banks and financial institutions have played major role in the economic development of the country and most of the credit- related schemes of the government to uplift the poor and the under-privileged sections have been implemented through the banking sector. CONCLUSION: The Indian banking system is financially stable and resilient to the shocks that may arise due to higher non-performing assets (NPAs) and the global economic crisis, according to RBI. Following the financial crisis, new deposits have gravitated towards public sector banks. According to RBI's ‘Quarterly Statistics on Deposits and Credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks: September 2009', nationalized banks, as a group, accounted for 50. 5 per cent of the aggregate deposits, while State Bank of India (SBI) and its associates accounted for 23. 8 per cent. The share of other scheduled commercial banks, foreign banks and regional rural banks in aggregate deposits were 17. 8 per cent, 5. 6 per cent and 3. 0 per cent, respectively. With respect to gross bank credit also, nationalized banks hold the highest share of 50. per cent in the total bank credit, with SBI and its associates at 23. 7 per cent and other scheduled commercial banks at 17. 8 per cent. Foreign banks and regional rural banks had a share of 5. 5 per cent and 2. 5 per cent respectively in the total bank credit. NRI fund inflows increased since April 2009 and touched US$ 45. 5 billion on July 2009, as per the RBI's February bulletin. Most of this has come through Foreign Currency Non-resident (FCNR) accounts and Non-resident External Rupee Accounts. India's foreign exchange reserves rose to US$ 284. 6 billion as on January 8, 2010, according to the RBI's February bulletin. The State Bank of India (SBI) has posted a net profit of US$ 1. 56 billion for the nine months ended December 2009, up 14. 43 per cent from US$ 175. 4 million posted in the nine months ended December 2008. Amongst the private banks, Axis Bank's net profit surged by 32 per cent to US$ 115. 4 million on 21. 2 per cent rise in total income to US$ 852. 16 million in the second quarter of 2009-10, over the corresponding period last year. HDFC Bank has posted a 32 per cent rise in its net profit at US$ 175. million for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 over the figure of US$ 128. 05 million for the same quarter in the previous year. Government Initiatives: In its platinum jubilee year, the RBI, the central bank of the country, in a notification issued on June 25, 2009, said that banks should link more bran ches to the National Electronic Clearing Service (NECS). In the Third Quarter Review of Monetary Policy for 2009-10, the RBI observed that the Indian economy showed a degree of resilience as it recorded a better-than-expected growth of 7. 9 per cent during the second quarter of 2009-10. In its Third Quarter Review of Monetary Policy for 2009-10, the RBI hiked the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 75 basis points (bps) to 5. 75 per cent, while keeping repo and reverse repo rates unchanged. According to the RBI, the stance of monetary policy for the remaining period of 2009-10 will be to: Anchor inflation expectations and keep a vigil on inflation trends and respond swiftly through policy adjustments, Actively manage liquidity to ensure credit demands of productive sectors are met adequately, Maintain an interest rate environment consistent with financial stability and price stability. Exchange rate used: 1 USD = 46. 29 INR (as on January 2010) 1 USD = 46. 66 INR (as on December 2009) Thus it can be concluded by saying that the role of the banks has been important, but it is going to be even more important in the future.

10 Pros and Cons of Being a School Principal

10 Pros and Cons of Being a School Principal There are many pros and cons that come with being a principal. It can be a rewarding job, and it can also be an extremely stressful job. Not everyone is cut out to be a principal. There are certain defining characteristics that a good principal will possess. If you are thinking of becoming a principal, it is crucial that you weigh all the pros and cons that come with the job. Take all factors of both sides into consideration before making your final decision. If you do not feel you can handle the cons, stay away from this profession. If you believe that the cons are only roadblocks, and the pros are well worth it, then go for it. Being a principal can be a terrific career option for the right person. Pros of Being a School Principal Salary. The median expected annual salary of a principal is over $100,000, while the median expected annual salary for a teacher is under $60,000. That is a significant increase in salary and can have a substantial impact on your family’s financial status, as well as on your retirement. That increase in salary is well-earned, as you will see when we look at the cons. There is no denying that a significant increase in salary makes it appealing to a lot of people to make that jump from teacher to principal. However, it is essential that you do not make that decision based on salary alone. Variety. Redundancy is never an issue when you are a school principal. No two days are ever alike. Each day brings new challenges, new problems, and new adventures. This can be exciting and keeps things fresh. You can go into a day with a solid plan of things to do and fail to accomplish a single thing that you expected. You never know what will await you on any particular day. Being a principal is never boring. As a teacher, you establish a routine and mostly teach the same concepts each year. As a principal, there is never an established routine. Each day has its own unique routine that dictates itself as time passes. Control. As the school leader, you will have more control over virtually every aspect of your building. You will often be the lead decision-maker. You will typically have at least some control over key decisions, such as hiring a new teacher, changing curriculum and programs, and scheduling. This control allows you to put your stamp on what your building does. It provides you with the opportunity to implement the vision that you have for your school. You will also have total control over daily decisions, including student discipline, teacher evaluations, professional development, and so on. Success. As the building principal, you will also get credit when credit is due. When an individual student, teacher, coach, or team succeeds, you also succeed. You get to celebrate in those successes because a decision you made somewhere along the line likely helped lead to that success. When someone associated with the school is recognized for outstanding achievement in some area, it typically means that the right decisions have been made. This can often be traced back to a principal’s leadership. It may be as straightforward as hiring the right teacher or coach, implementing and supporting a new program, or offering a particular student the right motivation. Impact. As a teacher, you often only have an impact on the students you teach. Make no mistake that this impact is significant and direct. As a principal, you can have a larger, indirect impact on students, teachers, and support personnel. The decisions you make can affect everyone. For example, working closely with a young teacher who needs some direction and guidance has a tremendous impact on both the teacher and every student they will ever teach. As a principal, your impact is not limited to a single classroom. A single decision can be transcendent throughout the entire school. School Principal Cons Time. Effective teachers spend a lot of extra time in their classrooms and at home. However, principals spend a much greater amount of time doing their jobs. Principals are often the first one to school and the last one to leave. In general, they are on a 12-month contract, getting only two to four weeks of vacation time during the summer. They also have several conferences and professional development duties they are required to attend. Principals are usually expected to attend almost every extra-curricular event. In many cases, this can mean attending events three to four nights a week during the school year. Principals spend a lot of time away from their homes and their families throughout the school year. Responsibility. Principals have a greater workload than teachers do. They are no longer responsible for only a few subjects with a handful of students. Instead, a principal is responsible for every student, every teacher/coach, every supporting member, and every program in their building. A principal’s responsibility footprint is enormous. You have your hand in everything, and this can be overwhelming. You have to be organized, self-aware, and confident to keep up with all of those responsibilities. Student discipline issues arise every day. Teachers require assistance on a daily basis. Parents request meetings to voice concerns regularly. You are the one responsible for handling each of these, as well as a plethora of other issues that occur within your school every day. Negativity. As a principal, you deal with many more negatives than you will positives. The only time you typically deal with students face-to-face is because of a discipline issue. Each case is different, but they are all negative. You also get to handle teachers complaining about students, parents, and other teachers. When parents request a meeting, it is almost always because they want to complain about a teacher or another student. These constant dealings with all things negative can become overwhelming. There will be times you will need to shut your office door or go observe an extraordinary teacher’s classroom just to escape all the negativity for a few minutes. However, handling all of these negative complaints and issues is a substantial part of your job. You must effectively address each issue, or you will not be a principal for long. Failures. As discussed earlier, you will receive credit for successes. It is also crucial to note that you will also be responsible for failures. This is especially true if your building is a low-performing school based on standardized test performance. As the leader of the building, it is your responsibility to have programs in place to assist in maximizing student performance. When your school fails, someone has to be the scapegoat, and that could fall on your shoulders. There are many other ways to fail as a principal that could jeopardize your job. Some of those include making a series of damaging hires, failing to protect a student who has been bullied, and keeping a teacher who is known to be ineffective. Many of these failures are avoidable with hard work and dedication. However, some failures will occur no matter what you do, and you will be linked to them because of your position in the building. Politics. Unfortunately, there is a political component to being a principal. You have to be diplomatic in your approach with students, teachers, and parents. You cannot always say what you want to say. You have to remain professional at all times. There are also occasions where you may be pressured into making a decision that makes you uncomfortable. This pressure may come from a prominent community member, school board member, or your district superintendent. This political game could be as straightforward as two parents wanting their children to be in the same class. It may also become complicated in a situation where a school board member approaches you to request that a football player who is failing a class is allowed to play. There are times like this when you must make an ethical stand even if you know it may cost you. The political game can be hard to play. However, when you are in a position of leadership, you can bet that there will be some politics involved. Sources Public School Teacher  Salary in the United States. Salary.com, 2019.   School Principal  Salary in the United States. Salary.com, 2019.

Strategic Management & Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management & Change - Essay Example The paper tells that the business environment has presently turned very competitive and requires considerable expertise on the part of business organizations to ensure efficiency in business operations so as to ensure profitability and sustainability. Ensuring profitability and sustainability requires considerable efforts and activities that can help generate advantage for an organization. Proper planning and vision apart from proper management and utilisation of resources towards encasing on the opportunities of the organization is the key for a successful recipe in the business markets. All these aspects are largely incomplete without a proper leadership. The leadership aspect assumes significance considering the fact that it provides a direction to the entire organization. Without the presence of a leader an organization behaves like a rudderless ship that is inevitable to destruction. Real life examples are very well an indicative of the above assumption. There are numerous examp les in which visionary leaders have turned organizations into giants. Examples include Apple and Microsoft and a host of other organizations. The success of both these organizations has been largely accounted to the efficient and visionary leadership of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates respectively in the two organizations. Leadership and its role in shaping a business organization has been a subject of research in academic and professional circles. According to various researches the aspect of leadership is a subject matter of debate. One of the most accepted versions of the definition of leadership states that leadership defines a relationship that comes into effect between the leaders and organisers’ with the followers or subordinates who have the power to bring about changes with their outcomes affecting the shared beliefs and actions (Daft & Lane, 2007, p.4). There has also been a debate with regards to leadership in which the scholars have debated over the virtue of leadership being an in-born trait and the aspect being developed over time with advocates stating that leadership need not be an in born trait and can be developed by any individual upon exposure to proper conditions. An effective leader must not only have the ability to lead but should also have an ability to foresee a vision for the entire organization. An effective leader sets the direction for the organization. The leader is also entrusted with the responsibility of motivating and acting as a guiding agent for the company. It is essentially believed that the functioning of the leader actually defines the actions of the subordinates and in fact the entire organization. Therefore it is very essential that an organization has an effective and visionary leadership who can propel the company towards the path of success. The present study would try to analyse the role of leadership in shaping up an organization towards generating profitability and sustainability. The study would critically eval uate the role of leadership and the extent to which it helps in shaping up an organization towards generating profitability and sustainability in the market and helping generate a sustainable competitive edge in the turbulent business environment prevailing round the globe. Discussion The increased turbulence and uncertainties in the business environment call for the need to ensure effective management in an organization so as to ensure excellence in business. The role of a leader assumes utmost importance in this regard. A research report states that leaders have a crucial role in this regard as they are the ones who have to formulate contingency planning so as to ensure sufficient safeguards for the company in the time of crisis. The report also states that a leader’s ability to foresee the future is very critical and therefore shows the importance of leadership in the survival of the organization.

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower Essay

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower - Essay Example Ordinary subjects are used. The painter uses small stokes, sometimes even using pointillism, to create the impression of their subject. The use of color is more vivid in these scenes. Movement is also a characteristic of Impressionism. Both Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use impressionism as a style. Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use everyday subjects. Manet’s subject was his wife and brother at the beach. Van Gogh’s The Sower depicts a field worker leaving the fields at sunset after a long day reaping wheat. Although Manet used his brother and wife, the beach scene could have been any two people. The ordinary subject did not matter as much as catching the moment in time on canvas. While Manet captured family members, van Gogh painted a random worker. The other difference is Manet captured people at leisure, while van Gogh painted a worker. The two scenes are polar opposite. One shows people that are well off en ough to go to the beach and relax, while the latter shows a worker. Both are ordinarily different. The technique and style used in both paintings make them Impressionism. Manet has smoother small strokes, but they are still small. Van Gogh’s picture has more visible small strokes. The contrast is Manet’s painting looks smoother than van Gogh’s rough picture. Although both are oil paintings, the blending method makes the visual impact different. This type of painting technique gives the impression, but no real detail in features.

English for Speakers of Other Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English for Speakers of Other Languages - Essay Example The first part examines the comprehension of what has been read and asks the reader to answer several multiple choice questions regarding that text. This is on the simple level of memory and comprehension of what has been read. The second part requires not only understand but logistical interpretation. The reader is presented with text that is missing three paragraphs and then presented with four paragraph choices at the end and asked to insert the proper three paragraphs in to the correct section of the test. This certainly presents an advanced level of understanding required to correctly eliminate the erroneous paragraph and insert the correct three paragraphs in the proper sections. This demonstrates an understanding of syntax and semantics. Section three is again a presentation of text, each at different stylistic levels of reading examples and multiple choice questions are asked at the end. Section four flips the scenario and asks a question prior to reading the text, turning th e reader's intelligence to search on first to find answers to specific items requested. This not only displays semantic and organization understanding but structural knowledge as well: A person's structure of knowledge in a subject area includes not only declarative knowledge about substance (or information about what) but also procedural knowledge about methods (or information about how) and strategic knowledge about alternatives for goal setting and planning (or information about which, when, and possibly why). (Merrick 1984: 156)

Study of Fans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Study of Fans - Essay Example Similar fan frenzy was visible when the latest book of Harry Potter series, 'The Tales of Beedle the Bard' was launched in the first week of December 2008. What is quite amazing is, this fan frenzy is not limited to just one country or one region, but it crosses all boundaries from Europe to Asia. Angela Cerda, a resident of Temecula, Southwest California, was in seventh grade when she first started reading Harry Potter books and she still continues to enjoy reading this series while in third year of college. Cerda says2, "I read the first four books in the series in four nights, then I had to wait three years for the fifth one to come out, It's so strange to think that now I'm waiting for the last one." Similar loyalty or love is expressed by the fans of television serials, when they make sure that in order to watch their favourite television serial, they get their meetings postponed. Football is the game played by a large number of nations around the world. But the situation becomes quite different during the European cup and sometimes during the world cups etc. The intense rivalry leaves the fans to fight it out amongst themselves. Similarly, though cricket is played by a few nations around the world, yet the intense competition has developed a large number of fans, who often make it a point that they travel with their favourite team, wherever the team goes for their matches. This includes visits within the country or abroad. Often, team managements too encourages such fans and try to sponsor their visits abroad. The commitment of fans to their favourite personalities or products is indeed commendable and provides encouragement. But, it is equally true that such tactics are being used by marketing gurus to reach out to the maximum number of people around the world. Today we are living in a world of globalisation and liberalisation, which is marked by competition in almost all sectors. Therefore, in order to reach out to the maximum number of people or audience, the marketing department tries to explore all possible means to spread the word about the product. This includes highlighting special features of the product, comparisons with the existing reputed brands, and the devotion shown by the die-hard fans. If we take a look at the world around us, we can easily figure out the distinctive emphasis on advertising techniques in reaching out to the customer. The marketing communication department is often entrusted with the task of coming out with the strategies which helps the customer in relating to the famous celebrities. While on the one hand the competition helps the consumer in getting worth of the spending, and consumer has a range of alternatives to chose from, companies too have come out with innovative ideas to reach out to the consumer with their products and brands. Marketing people try to come out with strategies which instil a brand with personality traits resulting in anthropomorphizing, personification and creation of user imagery (Aaker, 1997). Human beings tend to identify themselves with such traits which give them a distinct identity called fans. The fan community shares a set of common interests and hobbies. While identifying the community as fandom, Fiske (1992) state d that, "fans are active

Essay On Critical Incident Analysis During Placement Nursing Essay

Essay On Critical Incident Analysis During Placement Nursing Essay This essay will reflect on critical incident which took place at my placement. It will outline how critical incident analysis is incorporated in the care provision of people with mental health problems particularly from a nursing perspective. I will also attempt to point out the weakness and the values of reflection and analyse care provision in a more structured therapeutic approach. Bandman and Bandman, (2002) suggest that in order to analyse an incident we need to think critically, reflecting on our beliefs, ideas, feelings and use of language. Gamble and Brennan, (2000) suggest that relationship between reflection and critical thinking emphasises the need for critical thinking to be based on reflective thinking. In this essay I shall also draw on Johns Reflective Cycle (Pearson et al 1996) to give the reader a clear understanding and analysis of the incident, highlighting risk management as a major issue of concern. I will also highlight the daily risks, which Mental Health Nurse s face in relation to the ethics, policies and procedures that guide them. All names have been changed for reasons of confidentiality Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2008). Drawing upon an incident within my most recent placement, the discussion will reflect on the therapeutic intervention of family therapy as long-term psychotherapeutic intervention to treat an identified patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. It will also critically analyse the benefits and shortfalls of this intervention. Description Reflecting on the incident described later in this essay, I found it more appropriate to use Johns Reflective Cycle, (Pearson et al 1996) because it focuses on both the patient and the nurse unlike other models that lack a user focus reflection mainly on the nurses feelings, ideas, beliefs and judgements. Johns Reflective Cycle (Pearson et al 1996) places great emphasis on the feelings, emotions and insight of the client as well as the practitioner, which I feel is of greater significance as it offers a more objective perspective. The reflective cycle is also very clear, easy to follow, easy to understand and gives the reader a clear analysis of the incident which is very important in making sense of the whole reflective process. Johns reflective cycle illustrates the following framework; first stage- phenomenon, second stage-rationale, third sage-causal essential factors, fourth stage-reflection, fifth stage-alternative actions, sixth stage-conclusion. Following this guideline it is that one can structure their reflection and bring out sense to the whole reflective process. I chose to write about this incident because I feel it emphasizes the risks mental health nurses face when working with mentally disturbed people. It shows how policies and procedures can disempower professionals, placing them at increased risk of aggressive or disruptive behaviour. I also found it easy to use the critical incident analysis technique to evaluate possible therapeutic intervention in patient care. The risk posed by the patient in this scenario could have been reduced if the nurses involved in the patient care used psychosocial interventions. The incident described in this essay call into question the policies and procedures used in Community Mental Health Services on dealing with crisis or emergency situation and the duty of care as a role the nurse. Legally and ethically nurses are not allowed to search patients in the community, (Thomas et al 1997) which places staff in a very vulnerable position which is very evident after reading and reflecting on the scenario. Zack suffers from Paranoid Schizophrenia. Following is a brief summary on Schizophrenia in order to give the reader a picture of the patients condition. Schizophrenia is a broad term given to group of mental illness which are traditionally characterised by thought disorder, auditory and visual hallucinations, delusional beliefs along with emotional and behavioural disorder leading to progressive deterioration and social withdrawal Ironbar and Hopper, (1989). This patient in-particular suffers from Paranoid Schizophrenia, distinguished by intense thought disorder, delusions and hallucinations, the sufferer having perceptions, beliefs and ideas of reference that things are being said about them and things being done to them which they believe may cause them harm Thomas et al (1997). Medical treatment involves long-term use of psychotropic medications such as anti-psychotic drugs and mood stabilisers. From a social model approach research has shown that long-term psychotherapy programme s such as family therapy have proven effective Thomas et al (1997). Patient Profile and Context Zack is 28 year old male outpatient known to the Mental Health Services since 2001 with a diagnosis of Paranoid Schizophrenia. Zack is an asylum seeker from Algeria and of Muslim origin, though he is not very strict with the religion. He visits the clinic every fortnight for his depot (Depixol) injection. When is unwell, he develops ideas that Jews and homosexuals are conspiring against him and believes he has special powers. Both his parents are alive; they believe he brings shame to the family due to his mental illness. There has been growing concerns about Zacks family not doing enough to help him through his illness and neglecting his needs. Staff has raised the need to engage the family in family therapy as a way of helping Zack and family cope with his illness but as yet no family members has agreed to this type of intervention. Scenario/Phenomenon-Reflection The Depot clinic normally opens at eleven oclock following the weekly Community Mental Health Team meeting. Zack was due for his depot injection that day but he arrived two hours early looking unkempt. The Community Psychiatry Nurse (CPN) and I went to talk to Zack and told him that we were having a meeting therefore he had to come back when the clinic opens. Zack said he wanted to have his injection early because he wished attend the Muslim celebrations taking place locally that day. He displayed signs of being mentally disturbed, talking and muttering to himself about apparently meaningless and strange things. Zack appeared to be very hostile and provocative with fluctuating thoughts. The CPN insisted Zack had to wait but he was adamant on receiving the depot immediately. Zack became increasingly agitated, pacing up and down, raising his voice shouting abusive words to us. Zack began to make treats of arson, claiming he had a knife. He suggested he would stab one of us if we did not adhere to his demands. As soon as he said that and having observed his behaviour, I was perplexed on the one hand the need to do something about this patient who was clearly unwell and in need of support and treatment, while also being mindful of the risk to both the CPN and myself. The CPN decided to minimise the risk by agreeing to give Zack his injection and getting him out of the building as quickly as possible. I felt this was a risky decision because if Zack did have a knife we were potentially placing ourselves in greater danger by engaging with him further. I pulled the CPN to the side I let my feelings known. The CPN responded by informing me that Zack did not have a history of violent or aggressive behaviour nor was he known to carry knives. I felt we needed to make sure Zack was not carrying any knives or sharps before we went into the clinical room to give him his injection. The CPN then asked Zack calmly and politely if he was carrying the knife at this point Zack produced a knife from inside his jacket. We followed the Trust policy for dealing with armed and dangerous patients that you must call for back-up; we pressed the alarm alerting other staff for assistance. The police were called and arrived very quickly they seized the knife Zack was also found to be carrying a screwdriver. He was taken to an acute admissions ward of a nearby hospital under Section 2 of the Mental Health Act (1983) for further assessment of his mental state. His family were informed but they seemed not to be concerned. Influencing Factors Family therapy involves the whole family in the treatment process based on the understanding that a particular symptom or group of symptoms, exhibited by a family member. Reflecting on Zacks relationship with his family it is important to note that due to their culture the family had negative attitude towards the illness and they felt it brought shame to the family. By educating the family, which is a major component of family therapy, it helps gain understanding into the illness, how they can monitor, support and supervise the patient which contributes to the development of insight and helps reduce risk of relapse and hospital admission. Fadden, (1999) cited by (Gillam 2002, p106) defines psycho educational interventions as those interventions where the patient and family members are seen together, where is acquisition component in addition to a didactic element where the primary aim is reduction of relapse in the patient It has been shown that those patients who have family who are willing to engage in the patients care in a supportive manner have an enhanced probability of maintaining stability in their mental state. Therefore, use of family therapy as a long-term psychosocial intervention reduces the risk of relapse, which is what happened in this scenario with Zack. Engaging with the patient is very important in providing care and monitoring people with schizophrenia and it would be very important for the patient and his family. The family also feel supported by the therapist who works with them to help develop an understanding of the illness and reduce their fear and misguided prejudices. As a nurse/therapist it would be important to understand effects of culture in this situation and try to bring awareness to the family that mental illness is very common and maybe show the family statistics on how many people live with mental illness. It would also be important to educate the family on understanding the improvement rate for people who engage into family therapy and benefits. Evidence based practice would be very important when working with this family as it shows proof that treatment can actually work and has been proven to do so in many cases. Family therapy has been found to be effective, as an adjunct to drug therapy in the management of schizophrenia Birchwood, (1994), therefore the family should monitor that patient is taking medication as required. By encompassing family therapy, psycho education it encompass the involvement and support of family members in the care of an individual Gillam, (2002) which is very important in this scenario. This helps the family gain understanding into the illness and accepts it even though this might be difficult due their cultural beliefs. Staffs are always at risk of aggressive patients and therefore there is great need for risk assessment. Clinical risk is concerned with the danger in which an individual might pose to themselves or others Gamble and Brennan, (2000). Research has identified that the occurrence of violence, arson and homicide depends on additional situational factors and their accumulation lead to increased risk. In this situation having observed the incident from the beginning, I observed Zacks escalating behaviour, presentation such as speech, voice tone, gestures and they determine a lot in ones mental state Gamble and Brennan, (2000). There are other precipitating factors leading to this incident such as the psychosocial environment and stimuli in this case the day of the depot coinciding with the celebrations. If it was a different day, maybe Zack would not been very paranoid and carrying a knife. Also the fact that staff could not meet his needs, it made him more aggressive and in a way no one would have known he was carrying a knife. Psychiatry nurses face importance of risk assessment due to the restrictions they have in searching people who they suspect to be dangerous. The fact that Mental Health Clinics have no enough security measures to detect people who bring in weapons, it increases the risk. Staffs are limited in the procedures of working with patients and it is illegal and unethical to go through patients things or searching them without their consent Thomas et al, (1997). Mental illnesses can manifest in a way that can cause distress to both the patient family and carers but with the help of such therapies as family therapy I recommend it. I believe that Zack could benefit more from it. This intervention has been proven useful by research in the management of schizophrenia Gamble and Brennan, (2000), therefore it is useful to use such therapies inform our care as part of evidence based practice. Rowland and Goss, (2000), writes about evidence based practice as the aspirations nurses should deliver care and therapy based on procedures that are known through research to be effective. Family therapy help the patient cope with their condition and improve their quality of life. Relatives and carers also benefit and by empowering the patient, the family members help the patient change their behaviour Slade and Haddock, (1996) cited by Gamble and Brennan (2000). Research carried out in the last twenty years on high Expressed Emotion (EE) by the Social Psychiatry Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry provided evidence of negative impact of high (EE) on the course of the family of a schizophrenic patient Gamble and Brennan, (2000 ). Families find distress in copying with the condition but they are also showed hostile behaviour by the sufferer and eventually become emotionally over involved. These developments led to the development of family therapy intervention. Family therapy reduces the effect of schizophrenia such as hospitalisation and relapse Ironbar and Hooper, (1989). If Zacks family was involved in care, this incident might not have happened. Family therapy also improves patients functioning and lowers the burden on the family. If one receives support from family, he is more likely to improve adherence to medication, less violent and lower negative family effect. A component of family therapy includes engagement of families and patients, behaviour, self-management, maintenance of skills, dealing with violence, risk management, assessment, cultural issues, over involvement and interpersonal boundaries, Gamble and Brennan, (2000). In Zacks situation all the above on family therapy would be helpful and it involves issue on culture hence Zacks family feels he is a disgrace to the family, which is part of their cultural beliefs. Making them understand the illness would be more helpful in coping with Zacks illness. Research has also found out that these psychosocial interventions are more useful than taking routine medication treatment and not only benefit patient, but also family carers and relatives Ironbar and Hooper, (1989). In helping this patient, this type of intervention should help him gain insight and doing individualised care with the nurse in the therapy it can be achieved. Gillam, (2002) suggests the importance of using drug treatment therapy in conjunction with family therapy for maximum benefit to the patient, family and carers. Reflecting more on this scenario, it brings out issues of concern and critical incident analysis would be very important to guide the whole reflecting process. Developing skills on reflecting enables one to learn more effectively from practice situation and identify what you have learned in practice John, (2000). There is also emphasis that reflection is related to a complex and deliberate process of conscious thinking about interpreting experience in order to learn from it. In this incident I used my knowledge on risk management to lower the risks Mental Health Nurses face in working with mentally ill patients. I was trying to minimise the occurrence of an event that would be dangerous. Considering the importance of critical incident analysis to analyse this scenario was because it gives me an understanding and appreciation of the whole Clinical Incident Analysis (CIT) process. I also chose family therapy because as noted before the family could offer a lot of help to the patient, but only if they can engage with the patient and understand the mental illness and how they can lower the fear and prejudices of living with somebody with a mental illness. Before this incident happened, I felt very nervous that being a student nurse involved in such a difficult situation. However, my feelings changed later when Zack was found to be carrying a knife. Having not emphasised on the nurse to check if the patient actually had the knife, this could have lead into someone getting hurt or even killed by the patient. This was also a learning process for me I learnt that besides taking medication like in this situation, the patient was on medication, there are other therapeutic interventions which can be used to lower the stresses in the family of a schizophrenic patient and help the patient manage and cope with his own illness. Critical incident analysis was very important in giving structure to the whole reflection process and gain appreciation to therapeutic interventions that nurses can use in managing schizophrenia. On the other hand I knew it was unethical and illegal to search this patient, but I felt in such incident, nurses should have the power to search thought to be dangerous or threatening to staff. Evidently, according to reports from Department of Health (DH) (2008), there has been an increase in the violent incidents involving staff working with patients with mental health problems. The issue of risk management, risk assessment is something not to ignore in Mental Health Nursing. Risk management is intended purpose of assessment process, reducing severity of identified risks though they vary over time and circumstances Gamble and Brennan, (2000). Gates et al (2000) identifies clinical risk assessment as an established tenet of Psychiatry Nursing treatment. The establishments of National Service Framework and Guidelines (DOH, 2008) have emphasised on practitioners on the importance of risk assessment. There have been a large number of tragedies and homicidal incidents involving psychiatry patients therefore there have been high expectations in considering risk assessment as a major tool in mental health nursing. Alternative Strategies In this incident I felt I had to remind the CPN on the danger Zack was posing to us, reflecting on practice Thomas et al (1997). This is achieved by assessing situations and judge how dangerous they could be or how best you can deal with them in a professional and ethical way. NMC, (2008) states that professionalism and accountability in all our practices and by being accountable, you have a good cause to justify your actions in this situation safety was a priority. In future if I face the same situation, I would act quicker and take precautions to safety in time. I would also use good interpersonal skills to try and talk to the patient. I would also use my knowledge of risk management and safety precautions since nurses have a duty to look after themselves as well as public, than just looking after the patient Stern and Drummond, (1995). I would also consider that when working with people with schizophrenia there is great need to engage into psychotherapy interventions, family therapy a priority adjunct to drug therapy. Conclusion- Learning In conclusion, the essay clearly considers the values of family therapy as a possible psychotherapeutic intervention to be used in the management of schizophrenia. It also gives appreciation of the whole process. The essay also demonstrates the importance of ongoing clinical supervision and the role of a Psychiatry Nurse. Evidently throughout the essay, it is clear that mental health nurses face a great risk in their day to day practices in working with mentally ill patients. Highlighted is the importance of reflecting and using Clinical Incident Analysis (CIT) process as a major tool to help the whole reflective process. The stages of Johns reflective cycle were used in the essay as it enabled the writer to identify the phenomenon. The need for risk assessment and critical thinking you are able to analyse and reflect on an incident and bring more sense to the reader. Word Count: 3294